One of the common complaints the doctor hears from patients is the pain in the knees. What is required, I can always tell immediately, because the knees can suffer from various diseases, among which is the osteoarthritis of the knee. It is also known by the name of gonarthrosis, and represents the defeat of the joint, which usually brings non-inflammatory in nature and promotes the destruction of cartilage, deformation of bone and limitation of motion of the patient.
Figure
There are two main forms of the disease:
- the primary. Occurs due to abnormal development of the joints during the birth?
- secondary. Occurs due to other diseases or injuries.
The primary form usually develops in childhood and is due to a wrong formation of the device, the ligaments or the joints. It is during physical activity are subject to large stresses and deformed.
Secondary form of the disease due to factors such as:
- injuries (injuries, sprains, sprains, fractures), contributing to the disorder of the structure of bones, ligaments, cartilage. This is the cause of post-traumatic form of the disease?
- transferred to operations for the removal of the meniscus, that is detrimental to the integrity of the structure of the knee;
- very high load on the legs (it is typical for athletes);
- excess weight, as it causes a great deal of pressure body mass index for the cartilage of the joints of the tribes?
- arthritis (inflammation of joints). A prolonged disease accompanied by the formation of excess liquid in the cavity, which is the cause of the complications;
- violation of metabolic function, which is the cause of limescale build;
- various transferred surgery on the knee?
- diseases, which are characterized by a lot of muscle cramps of the leg muscles or the blood vessels.
The process of development of the disease may take a one-way or two-way form. The trauma, probably, it will be the cause of the monastery of osteoarthritis, and obesity could cause two-sided.
The symptoms of the disease
Osteoarthritis knee symptoms manifested gradually. The patient may for years not knowing that they are sick, isn't as visible to change the shape of the knee or strong pain has not. When you do this, osteoarthritis knee 1 degree more often accompanied by unpleasant and painful sensations in the knees, however, few at this stage, is addressed to the doctor. More prone to this disease in women after 40 years old suffer from excess weight. Mainly contributes to the development of this disease, the presence of varicose veins. At this stage can cure the disease at home, even without the use of medicines and ointments.
Pain during of the disease is not sudden, and they come gradually, sometimes for many years. Occur during exercise, walking and other physical activities. When you do this, acute pain can be a symptom of gonarthrosisκαι, and is the result of fracture of, by the meniscus or injury. If the patient feels intense discomfort, then this is definitely the osteoarthritis of the knee 2 degree. For the avoidance of pain, the man seeks to spend more time in steady state, however, after the restore of physical activity discomfort and back again.
It's a symptom, such as deformation, accompanying deforming osteoarthritis of the knee. Is noticeable on the second or third stage of the disease. The first of the signs: knee slightly swollen, but retains its shape. In the last stages of the change of the shape, you can even make one leg shorter or longer. Ill have to be like this type of medication, as chondroprotectors (contribute to the restoration of cartilage).
Synovitis (concentration in the cavity of the synovial fluid) also marks the development of the disease. If the liquid is too much, then there may occur the so-called Baker's cyst – tumor in the wall cavity of the joint. Elastic bladder is felt when the knee is flattened. Is treated easily with the help of intervention of the doctor.
One of the most characteristic symptoms is the critical moment, that swept with the disease in 2 and 3 stages. The main thing – to distinguish expressed by the crackle of the joints of a healthy person and deaf, dry crunch of the patient. The causes of the weakness of strengthening the links, or high mobility. To ensure the tranquility joints patient is advised to wear knee pads when osteoarthritis.
Restriction of mobility of the knee occurs in advanced stages of the disease. When the patient can not fully straighten or bend the leg, as this causes intense pain. If the disease has reached in 3 stages, the knee may be completely real estate, due to fusion of the joints. This situation requires the application of injections, ointments or other media, and of medicines, relief from pain, as well as the intervention of surgeons, because a regular massage or folk remedies will is powerless against the fused bone.
Stage gonarthrosisκαι
There are three stages gonarthrosisκαι:
- from the moment you start the first stage until visible manifestations of the disease spend months or years. The man complains of pain in the legs, that occur at regular intervals. This is especially true for the first steps of the stairs, upwards or downwards, as well as when lifting out of bed in the morning. The pictures may show narrowing interarticular cracks. Usually, instead of increases in special patients frequently applied to folk of ointments, tinctures, and drugs?
- the second stage is characterized by severe pain, which can not be stopped even in a state of serenity limbs. The accompanying critical moment. In the cavity of the joints can be accumulated liquid, and x-rays will show the start of deformation and the growth of bones. The patient at this stage, in any way restricts the movements of the affected limb. To reduce the unpleasant sensations expert can prescribe injections, and taking chondroprotectors;
- in the last, third stage, the pain becomes continuous and is often reinforced during the change of weather conditions. The x-ray shows a significant deformation of the knee, which can only be resolved through surgery, the patient has to drink special services of chondroprotectors. The patient's changing gait: deforming osteoarthritis of the knee promotes walking, or for a bit of a bent foot, or walk.
The treatment of the disease
The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee depends on the severity of the disease of the tribes. Chronic character pathology help to come only in a recession (when the active manifestations of the disease are minimized or do not exist). Physiotherapeutic treatment in combination with the use of drugs, in particular, chondroprotectors, gives positive results.
Objectives of treatment are:
- reduction of pain?
- restoration with the help of various means of cartilage, and heat cords;
- the increase of motion in the extremities.
Among the ways of treatment secrete:
- the use of drugs (chondroprotectors);
- surgery the doctors?
- recovery (physical THERAPY, physical therapy, massage and other facilities).
Drugs, known under the name of chondroprotectors, so you will be able to get only the doctor. The is strictly prohibited to set for yourself, as chondroprotectors alone is quite powerful medicines.
All part of honey. drugs aim to:
- removal of pain as well as inflammation. To do this the cavity of the articulation imported medicines hormonal and non-hormonal type?
- improvement in logistics is indeed the blood of sore feet. For this purpose there are drugs that allow for the relief of spasm of the vessels or muscles;
- healing of cartilage tissue. Designed specifically drugs – kinds of all kinds of chondroprotectors, that vary in the strength of the impact in the affected joint. They supply the necessary nutrients cartilage fabric. Chondroprotectors also able to help the body to create new cartilage tissue.
The drugs circulate in the form of ointments, injections and other means.
In addition, the popular means of therapy and massage with osteoarthritis of the knee. Properly held the doctor of massage with the use of ointment, allows you to relax constantly tight muscles near the affected disease knee, that will reduce the pain (that is not acting worse injections). Also massage with cream that of these, it helps to increase the number of movements made by your foot, to correct the position of the bones, even at home, to enhance the circulation of blood. If pathology move to the third stage, then the usual salve or injection will not help, and surgery is required. The doctor implants a patient with a metal prosthesis, which is intended to replace, no part of the foot. The stents should be changed after every few years, and the same surgery is quite expensive.
Recovery includes exercises with osteoarthritis of the knee joint, the patient will have to perform under the strict supervision of a physician. These exercises are aimed at objectives:
- to improve the circulation of the blood?
- to increase the muscle tone at home. For example, physiotherapy includes courses patients in specific emulators.
Physical therapy
In addition, popular are the techniques of physiotherapy (UHF and ultrasonic therapy, color therapy), which, however, is not important, but very help to speed up the process of recovery. The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with the help of physiotherapy are effective, as it reduces the sensation of pain. Specific techniques of physiotherapy, depending on the degree of development of the disease determines the doctor. In addition, the rehabilitation includes injections, reducing pain, auxiliary ointments, and so on.
Gymnastics
Exercise in osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the main methods that allow you to develop atrophied muscles. PHYSIOTHERAPY in osteoarthritis of the knee must be carried out carefully, slowly. If the patient feels continuing pain, you should immediately discontinue the lessons. During exercise convenient and useful it will apply special knee pads when osteoarthritis.
Something team includes therapeutic techniques orthopaedic type. They aim to reduce the load on the knee, smooth transfer of the cane, dentures. Many experts prescribe patients with knee pads when osteoarthritis. This will help the patient to facilitate walking, making it slightly painful.
Diet
With regard to a special diet in osteoarthritis, it is, as a rule, often aims at reducing the weight of the patient, given that in the vast majority of cases, this is a great weight contributes to the overload of the joints. Diet provides food in small portions, about once every 3 hours. For the weight reduction to your daily diet you need to add lean meat (chicken, turkey, rabbit) and to eliminate fat meat (lamb, pork). Vegetable proteins are from legumes. For the keeping of food in the diet should be a replacement of refined to crude oil, as well as to reduce the consumption of salt.
Therapeutic diet provides for the resignation or minimum maintenance, the smoked and fried (appetite suppressant). To restore the cartilage, you will need to provide the body in complex carbohydrates (cereals, whole grain products). In the diet should also include juices (carrot, beet, apple). Will come out from the body of toxins and reduce the effect of inflammatory processes.
In the diet must be present fish and thick, that is a kind of cartilage, and of these, helps create new cartilage. It is worth to remember that the diet should not be used themselves – the best choice can only take the doctor-nutritionist (special diets).
Folk methods
Particular attention should be given to people's combat techniques with the disease (treatment in home). A lot of ointments, pads, and other popular herbal teas, which offer therapists and lovers of traditional medicine, based on herbs, medicine of bile, which improves the circulation of blood to a sick foot. Action ointment is aimed at improvement of blood circulation, relaxation of muscle. With this tool often compresses. Their effectiveness is very high, therefore, this method sometimes doctors use and in traditional medicine (in combination with drugs). Compresses should be connected bandages of wool, which warm up the sore point. Of course, folk remedies are unlikely to help significantly in osteoarthritis 3 degree, however, the auxiliary therapeutic properties and methods of the people should not ignore, because it will relieve the discomfort and resolve the main symptoms of the disease.
Among the most popular recipes of folk remedies that can be applied at home, secrete:
- compress the hell. In accordance with this national prescription, to enhance the therapeutic properties of hell, it is recommended to pre-grate and boil. Then, you must apply to the damaged area?
- compress from the iodine, medicine of bile, ammonia, glycerin, and can be of honey. All the ingredients of this people a mixture should be mixed, to insist for 10 days and then applied in the patients knees. This drug is very effective?
- lotion of cabbage leaves. It's made from fresh cabbage leaves, wet from may to honey, and is applied to the leg. Clip the therapeutic effect insulation of woolen fabric, or plastic film. This tool is suitable for people of all age groups?
- ointment of elecampane with vodka.
Osteoarthritis of the knee has quite a rich treatment – right patient get the doctors taking into account the age and physiological characteristics. This can be injections, gels, pastes, knee pads when osteoarthritis and other drugs. For the prevention and control of disease in the initial stages can be used in the physical THERAPY osteoarthritis of the knee. With proper and timely treatment, the person can save money and not to cause great harm to the health.